Pathogen Adherence to Carbohydrate Database (PACDB)
PACDB provides the information on pathogens (e.g. bacteria, fungus, toxin and virus) adhering to carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface of host animals or plants.
| Source | Last Updated |
|---|---|
| Pathogen Adherence to Carbohydrate Database (PACDB) | June 1, 2016 |
| Species | Pathogen Adherence Molecule | Ligand Name | Ligand Feature ▼ | Target Source | Glycan Sequence | Binding | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clostridium botulinum | Neurotoxin (type B) | Complex of synaptotagmin II and ganglioside GT1b or GD1a | Glycoconjugates | Binding | 9712688 | ||
| Clostridium botulinum | Unknown | Complex of synaptotagmin II and ganglioside GT1b or GD1a | Glycoconjugates | Binding | 9712688 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Type 4-pili | Surface-localized glycoconjugates (non-sialylated GSL and glycoproteins) | Glycoconjugates | Human epithelial cells | Binding | 9224879 | |
| Clostridium botulinum | Botulinum neurotoxin (type C) | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Presynaptic neuronal cells | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 18242046 |
| Clostridium tetani | Tetanus toxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Brain membrane | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 6257717 |
| Clostridium botulinum | BoNT/C (located within amino acid residues 1122-1290) | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Presynaptic neuronal cells | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 18242046 |
| Influenza virus | Hemagglutinin (HA) | GD1a | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Various human tissues (leukocytes/erythrocytes/small intestine/stomach/meconium/colon/pancreas) | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 11030743 |
| Actinomyces naeslundii | Unknown | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Human brain | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 2358461 |
| Clostridium tetani | Unknown | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Brain membrane | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 6257717 |
| Actinomyces naeslundii | Type-2 fimbrial lectins | GD1a | Disialoglycosphingolipids | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3804448 | |
| Actinomyces naeslundii | Type-2 fimbrial lectins | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3804448 | |
| Escherichia coli | K99 | GD1a(NeuGc) | Disialoglycosphingolipids | NeuGc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuGc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 7849044 | |
| Vibrio cholerae | Cholera toxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 8574698 | |
| Vibrio cholerae | Cholera toxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3290106 | |
| Vibrio cholerae | Cholera toxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 7527546 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin (type II(LT-Iia)) | GD1a | Disialoglycosphingolipids | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3290106 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin (type II(LT-Iia)) | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3290106 | |
| Vibrio cholerae | Cholera toxin (B subunit(CTB)) | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 9038159 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin (type II(LT-IIb)) | GD1a | Disialoglycosphingolipids | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3290106 | |
| Clostridium botulinum | Neurotoxin (type B) | GD1a | Disialoglycosphingolipids | NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 9712688 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin (type I(LTh-I)) | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 3290106 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 8574698 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 9038159 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 12628483 | |
| Escherichia coli | Heat-labile enterotoxin | GD1b | Disialoglycosphingolipids | Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)[NeuAc(a2-8)NeuAc(a2-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-1)Cer | Binding | 7527546 |
GlyCosmos is a member of the GlySpace Alliance together with GlyGen and Glycomics@ExPASy.
Supported by JST NBDC Grant Number JPMJND2204
Partly supported by NIH Common Fund Grant #1U01GM125267-01
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
GlyCosmos Portal v4.4.0
Last updated: December 8, 2025