GlyCosmos Portal

Submissions

solute carrier family 52 member 3

Summary

Gene Symbol

SLC52A3

Organism

Homo sapiens (human)

External Links

NCBI Gene

113278

PubChem

113278

Alliance of Genome Resources

HGNC:16187

Annotation

Keyword

Alternative splicing
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Deafness
Disease variant
Disulfide bond
Glycoprotein
Nucleus
Phosphoprotein
Reference proteome
Transmembrane helix
Transport

Proteins

Displaying 1 entry
UniProt	Protein Name
Q9NQ40	Riboflavin transporter 2

Annotation information from UniProt.

Gene Ontology (GO)

Displaying entries **1 - 5** of 6 in total

1

2

Next ›

Last »
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
riboflavin metabolic process	TAS
sensory perception of sound	IMP	20206331
riboflavin transport	IDA	20463145 22273710
riboflavin transport	IBA
cellular response to heat	IEA

GO Hierarchy

biological process

metabolic process [inference]

nitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

biosynthetic process [inference]

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

heterocycle biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

aromatic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic substance biosynthetic process [inference]

organophosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular metabolic process [inference]

cellular aromatic compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

aromatic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

phosphorus metabolic process [inference]

phosphate-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organophosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organophosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

heterocycle biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

aromatic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

heterocycle metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

heterocycle biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

primary metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

small molecule metabolic process [inference]

vitamin metabolic process [inference]

water-soluble vitamin metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic substance metabolic process [inference]

organophosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organophosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic cyclic compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic substance biosynthetic process [inference]

organophosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular process [inference]

cellular metabolic process [inference]

cellular aromatic compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

aromatic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

phosphorus metabolic process [inference]

phosphate-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organophosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

organophosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular biosynthetic process [inference]

heterocycle biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

aromatic compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

heterocycle metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide metabolic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

heterocycle biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process [inference]

nucleotide biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin-containing compound metabolic process [inference]

riboflavin metabolic process

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process [inference]

flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

cellular response to stimulus [inference]

cellular response to stress [inference]

cellular response to heat

multicellular organismal process [inference]

system process [inference]

nervous system process [inference]

sensory perception [inference]

sensory perception of mechanical stimulus [inference]

sensory perception of sound

response to stimulus [inference]

response to stress [inference]

response to heat [inference]

cellular response to heat

cellular response to stress [inference]

cellular response to heat

response to abiotic stimulus [inference]

response to temperature stimulus [inference]

response to heat [inference]

cellular response to heat

cellular response to stimulus [inference]

cellular response to stress [inference]

cellular response to heat

localization [inference]

establishment of localization [inference]

transport [inference]

vitamin transport [inference]

riboflavin transport

organic substance transport [inference]

organic anion transport [inference]

riboflavin transport

nitrogen compound transport [inference]

riboflavin transport

Displaying entries **1 - 5** of 8 in total

1

2

Next ›

Last »
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
nucleus	IDA	29428966
cytoplasm	IDA	29428966
cytoplasm	IEA
plasma membrane	TAS
plasma membrane	IDA	20463145 22273710 29428966

GO Hierarchy

cellular component

cellular anatomical entity [inference]

cytoplasm

membrane [inference]

plasma membrane

organelle membrane [inference]

nuclear membrane

plasma membrane region [inference]

apical plasma membrane

organelle [inference]

membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

nucleus

intracellular organelle [inference]

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle [inference]

nucleus

Displaying **all 4** entries
GO Term	Evidence Code	PMID
protein binding	IPI	32814053
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity	TAS
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity	IDA	20463145
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity	IBA

GO Hierarchy

molecular function

transporter activity [inference]

transmembrane transporter activity [inference]

organic anion transmembrane transporter activity [inference]

riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

vitamin transmembrane transporter activity [inference]

riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

salt transmembrane transporter activity [inference]

riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

binding [inference]

protein binding

Gene Ontology information from NCBI Gene and UniProt.

OrthoDB (Group)

Group level

Eukaryota

Group Name

Solute carrier family 52 riboflavin transporter

Functional Category

E: Amino acid transport and metabolism
M: Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
T: Signal transduction mechanisms

Displaying **all 2** entries
Gene Ontology
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity
riboflavin transport

Displaying 1 entry
InterPro
Solute carrier family 52, riboflavin transporter

Disease

Disease Ontology

Displaying **all 2** entries
DO ID	Disease Name	Source
DOID:0080632	Fazio-Londe disease	Alliance of Genome Resources
DOID:0080785	Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome 1	Alliance of Genome Resources

Ortholog

Displaying entries **1 - 10** of 90 in total

1

2

3

4

5

…

Next ›

Last »
Species	Gene ID	Alliance of Genome Resources	Orthologous MAtrix
Drosophila melanogaster	52710	FB:FBgn0039882
Drosophila melanogaster	55065	FB:FBgn0039882
Mus musculus	69698	Xenbase:XB-GENE-6032791	MOUSE31096
Drosophila melanogaster	79581	FB:FBgn0039882
Xenopus tropicalis	113278	Xenbase:XB-GENE-6032791
Xenopus tropicalis	178842	Xenbase:XB-GENE-6032791
Rattus norvegicus	311536	Xenbase:XB-GENE-6032791	RATNO28315
Drosophila melanogaster	362942	FB:FBgn0039882
Xenopus tropicalis	431729	Xenbase:XB-GENE-6032791
Pan troglodytes	458028		PANTR24186

GlyTouCan

GlyComb

GlycoPOST

UniCarb-DR

LM-GlycoRepo

All Resources

Other Information

Tools

Search Tools

Guidelines

Summary

External Links

Annotation

OrthoDB (Group)

International Collaboration

Acknowledgements