GlyCosmos Portal

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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **251 - 275** of **1306** in total

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GlyTouCan ID	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G12709VH			Glycosidic topology	3256.22	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13197FM		N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1989.73	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13670FR	Neu5Ac(a2-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	GM1 I' antigen Type 2 LN2 a-Gal antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	1890.66	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13869TL	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	1560.55	50 kb inversion clade Acalyptratae Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae Alphainfluenzavirus Amniota Archelosauria Archosauria Arthropoda Articulavirales Artiodactyla Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Discoba Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Embryophyta Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Euglenozoa Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Influenza A virus Insecta Insthoviricetes Kinetoplastea Laurasiatheria Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metakinetoplastina Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Muscomorpha Myomorpha NPAAA clade Negarnaviricota Neognathae Neoptera Opisthokonta Orthomyxoviridae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Papilionoideae Pecora Pentapetalae Phaseoleae Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Phasianidae Phasianinae Polyploviricotina Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Tracheophyta Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatidae Trypanozoon Vertebrata Viridiplantae Viruses cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup rosids unclassified Orthomyxoviridae unidentified influenza virus
G13947MP	Man(a1-6)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	750.29	Aculeata Alveolata Amniota Anas platyrhynchos Anas Anatidae Anatinae Anseriformes Anthophila Apidae Apinae Apini Apis mellifera Apis Apocrita Apoidea Archelosauria Archosauria Arthropoda Artiodactyla Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Ciliophora Coelurosauria Craniata Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Galliformes Galloanserae Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hymenoptera Hymenostomatida Insecta Intramacronucleata Laurasiatheria Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Neognathae Neoptera Oligohymenophorea Opisthokonta Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus Rodentia Sar Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrahymena pyriformis Tetrahymena Tetrahymenidae Tetrahymenina Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13375OB	GlcA2S(b1-4)GlcN2,6S2(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	594.98	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13441ZL			Glycosidic topology	1948.66	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G13974DV	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	1236.45	Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Acalyptratae Achelata Aculeata Amniota Anthophila Apidae Apocrita Apoidea Archelosauria Archosauria Arthropoda Articulavirales Artiodactyla Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Crustacea Cyclorrhapha Decapoda Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Embryophyta Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eucarida Eukaryota Eumalacostraca Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hymenoptera Insecta Insthoviricetes Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Leporidae Magnoliopsida Malacostraca Malpighiales Mammalia Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Metazoa Multicrustacea Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Neognathae Neoptera Opisthokonta Orthomyxoviridae Orthornavirae Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Palinuridae Palinuroidea Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Panulirus interruptus Panulirus Pecora Pentapetalae Phasianidae Phasianinae Pleocyemata Polyploviricotina Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus Riboviria Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Schizophora Simiiformes Sophophora Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae Viruses cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup rosids unclassified Orthomyxoviridae unidentified influenza virus
G13985TC	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(?1-3)[Neu5Ac(a2-6)]GalNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	967.35	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14576KZ	GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1259.47	Acrididae Acrididea Acridoidea Acridomorpha Amniota Amphiesmenoptera Arthropoda Artiodactyla Bilateria Bombycidae Bombycinae Bombycoidea Bombyx mori Bombyx Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Caelifera Canidae Caniformia Canis lupus familiaris Canis lupus Canis Caprinae Carnivora Catarrhini Cavia porcellus Cavia Caviidae Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Cercopithecoidea Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Ditrysia Dorylaimia Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Enoplea Equidae Equus caballus Equus Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Glossata Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Heteroneura Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Hystricomorpha Insecta Laurasiatheria Lepidoptera Locusta migratoria Locusta Macaca mulatta Macaca Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nematoda Neolepidoptera Neoptera Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Oedipodinae Opisthokonta Orthoptera Ovis aries Ovis Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pecora Perissodactyla Plusiinae Polyneoptera Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Trichinella spiralis Trichinella Trichinellida Trichinellidae Trichoplusia ni Trichoplusia Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14669DU			Glycosidic topology	910.33	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G14548ZL		N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1720.59	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14367JE		N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	2118.77	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14854WL	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2425.86	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14815EY	Gal3S(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)Gal3S(?1-4)Glc(b1-	Glucosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	867.16	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14950CY		I' antigen N-Glycan complex Type 2 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	2735.99	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G15066MY	Neu5Gc(a2-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Asialo-GM1 N-Glycolyl-GM2 N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1379.47	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G15555MR	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]GalNAc(a1-	N-acetyllactosamine O-Glycan core 2 Sialyl T antigen Type 2 LN a-Gal antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	1201.42	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G15317IZ	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	1560.55	50 kb inversion clade Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Acereae Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae Alphainfluenzavirus Amniota Archelosauria Archosauria Articulavirales Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Deuterostomia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Embryophyta Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euphyllophyta Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Galliformes Galloanserae Glires Gnathostomata Gunneridae Haplorrhini Hippocastanoideae Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Influenza A virus Insthoviricetes Magnoliopsida Mammalia Mesangiospermae Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha NPAAA clade Negarnaviricota Neognathae Opisthokonta Orthomyxoviridae Orthornavirae Papilionoideae Pentapetalae Phaseoleae Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Platanaceae Platanus Polyploviricotina Primates Proteales Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sapindaceae Sapindales Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Simiiformes Spermatophyta Streptophyta Streptophytina Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Tracheophyta Vertebrata Viridiplantae Viruses cellular organisms eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade malvids rosids
G15403KF	GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-3)Glc(b1-	Glucosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	691.25	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G15407YE	Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-		Linkage defined saccharide	586.22	Amniota Archelosauria Archosauria Artiodactyla Ascomycota Aves Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dikarya Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Fungi Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Neognathae Opisthokonta Pecora Phasianidae Phasianinae Primates Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomycetales Saccharomycetes Saccharomycotina Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Vertebrata cellular organisms saccharomyceta
G15531AF			Glycosidic topology	1201.42	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G14994KB			Glycosidic topology	1915.69	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G15169WU			Glycosidic topology	3025.07	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G15667CY			Linkage defined saccharide	1187.2	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms