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GlyCosmos Glycans

The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

Source	Last Updated
GlyTouCan	August 18, 2024

Displaying entries **51 - 75** of **1306** in total

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GlyTouCan ID ▲	IUPAC Condensed	Motifs	Subsumption Level	Monoisotopic Mass	Organisms
G02860WV			Base composition with linkage	1542.54	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G02886BB			Base composition with linkage	1802.64	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G02998EX	Glc(a1-6)Glc(a1-6)Glc(a1-		Linkage defined saccharide	504.17	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03071KV	GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc		Linkage defined saccharide	732.28	Amniota Artiodactyla Bacteria Bilateria Boreoeutheria Campylobacterales Campylobacterota Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Epsilonproteobacteria Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Helicobacteraceae Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03272YQ	Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	Lewis x Lex N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine SSEA-1 Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	2281.85	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03277YI	Neu5Ac(a2-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	GM1b cisGM1	Linkage defined saccharide	998.34	Amniota Amphibia Anura Archelosauria Archosauria Artiodactyla Aves Batrachia Bilateria Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Catarrhini Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Deuterostomia Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Laurasiatheria Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Neognathae Opisthokonta Pecora Phasianidae Phasianinae Pipidae Pipoidea Primates Rattus Rodentia Ruminantia Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Theropoda Vertebrata Xenopodinae Xenopus laevis Xenopus Xenopus cellular organisms
G03382KH			Glycosidic topology	1827.68	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G03416EW		N-Glycan complex Sialyl Lewis x Slex	Linkage defined saccharide	3246.18	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03574QJ			Base composition with linkage	1745.62	Amniota Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G03595ET	Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1437.51	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03652TR	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1234.43	50 kb inversion clade Abreae Abrus precatorius Abrus Acalypheae Acalyphoideae Acalyptratae Acer pseudoplatanus Acer Acereae Achelata Aculeata Aesculus hippocastanum Aesculus Alpharhabdovirinae Amniota Amphiesmenoptera Amphipyrinae Anthemideae Anthophila Apidae Apinae Apini Apis mellifera Apis Apocrita Apoidea Archelosauria Archosauria Artemisia vulgaris Artemisia Artemisiinae Arthropoda Articulavirales Artiodactyla Artverviricota Ascomycota Aspergillaceae Aspergillus niger Aspergillus phoenicis Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati Aspergillus Asteraceae Asterales Asteroideae Aves BOP clade Bacteria Batoidea Betulaceae Bilateria Bombycidae Bombycinae Bombycoidea Bombyx mori Bombyx Boreoeutheria Bos taurus Bos Bovidae Bovinae Brachycera Brassicales Caprinae Carica papaya Carica Caricaceae Carnivora Carpinus betulus Carpinus Catarrhini Cavia porcellus Cavia Caviidae Chondrichthyes Chordata Coelurosauria Craniata Cricetidae Cricetinae Cricetulus griseus Cricetulus Crustacea Cyclorrhapha Decapoda Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dikarya Dinosauria Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Ditrysia Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Elasmobranchii Embryophyta Endopterygota Enterobacterales Enterobacteriaceae Ephydroidea Eremoneura Escherichia coli Escherichia Euarchontoglires Eucarida Eukaryota Eumalacostraca Eumetazoa Euphorbiaceae Euphyllophyta Eurotiales Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetidae Euteleostomi Eutheria Fabaceae Fabales Fabeae Fagales Felidae Feliformia Felinae Felis catus Felis Friend murine leukemia virus Fungi Galliformes Galloanserae Gallus gallus Gallus Gammaproteobacteria Gammaretrovirus Glires Glossata Glycine max Glycine subgen. Soja Glycine Gnathostomata Gunneridae Hadeninae Haplorrhini Haploviricotina Heteroneura Hexapoda Hippocastaneae Hippocastanoideae Hologalegina Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Human immunodeficiency virus Hymenoptera Hystricomorpha IRL clade Insecta Insthoviricetes Lagomorpha Laurasiatheria Lentivirus Lepidoptera Leporidae Liliopsida Magnoliopsida Malacostraca Malpighiales Mamestra brassicae Mamestra Mammalia Mandibulata Mesangiospermae Mesocricetus auratus Mesocricetus Metazoa Monjiviricetes Mononegavirales Multicrustacea Muridae Murinae Murine leukemia virus Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Muscomorpha Myomorpha NPAAA clade Negarnaviricota Neognathae Neolepidoptera Neoptera Nicotiana alata Nicotiana Nicotianeae Nicotianoideae Noctuidae Noctuoidea Obtectomera Opisthokonta Ortervirales Orthomyxoviridae Orthoretrovirinae Orthornavirae Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Oryza sativa Oryza Oryzeae Oryzinae Oryzoideae Ovis aries Ovis Palinuridae Palinuroidea Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Panulirus interruptus Panulirus Papilionoideae Pararnavirae Pecora Pentapetalae Petrosaviidae Pezizomycotina Phaseoleae Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus Phasianidae Phasianinae Pisum sativum Pisum Pleocyemata Plusiinae Poaceae Poales Polyploviricotina Primate lentivirus group Primates Protostomia Pseudomonadota Pterygota Rattus Retroviridae Revtraviricetes Rhabdoviridae Riboviria Ricinus communis Ricinus Rodentia Ruminantia Santalales Sapindaceae Sapindales Sarcopterygii Sauria Saurischia Sauropsida Schizophora Simiiformes Solanaceae Solanales Sophophora Spermatophyta Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera Streptophyta Streptophytina Suidae Suina Sus scrofa Sus Teleostomi Tetrapoda Tetronarce californica Tetronarce Theria Theropoda Torpedinidae Torpediniformes Tracheophyta Trichoplusia ni Trichoplusia Vertebrata Vesicular stomatitis virus Vesiculovirus Viridiplantae Viruses Viscaceae Viscum album Viscum asterids campanulids cellular organisms commelinids eudicotyledons fabids indigoferoid/millettioid clade lamiids leotiomyceta malvids melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup rosids saccharomyceta unclassified Orthomyxoviridae unclassified Primate lentivirus group unclassified Vesiculovirus unclassified entries unclassified sequences unidentified influenza virus unidentified
G03717EM	Man(a1-?)Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-		Linkage defined saccharide	748.27	Acalyptratae Amniota Arthropoda Betacoronavirus Bilateria Boreoeutheria Brachycera Catarrhini Chordata Cornidovirineae Coronaviridae Craniata Cyclorrhapha Deuterostomia Dicondylia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Diptera Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Drosophilidae Drosophilinae Drosophilini Ecdysozoa Endopterygota Ephydroidea Eremoneura Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hexapoda Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Insecta Mammalia Mandibulata Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Muscomorpha Myomorpha Neoptera Nidovirales Opisthokonta Orthocoronavirinae Orthornavirae Panarthropoda Pancrustacea Pisoniviricetes Pisuviricota Primates Protostomia Pterygota Rattus norvegicus Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarbecovirus Sarcopterygii Schizophora Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Simiiformes Sophophora Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms melanogaster group melanogaster subgroup
G03739GM	Neu5Ac(a2-8)Neu5Ac(a2-3)[Gal(a1-3)Gal(b1-3)GalNAc(b1-4)]Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	GD1b a-Gal antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	1451.49	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03764XL	Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[GlcNAc(b1-4)][GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc(?1-	N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1972.71	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Lagomorpha Leporidae Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryctolagus Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03802LT	Gal(?1-?)GlcNAc(?1-?)Man(a1-3/6)[Man(?1-?)Man(a1-3/6)][GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc(b1-	N-Glycan core basic	Linkage defined saccharide	1786.65	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03819SO	GalNAc(a1-3)[GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-6)][Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Blood group A (type 1) Blood group H (type 1) Lactotriaosylceramide Lc3	Linkage defined saccharide	1770.66	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03930BU			Base composition with linkage	1713.63	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03934XO	Man(a1-2)Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-		Linkage defined saccharide	1517.51	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Mus musculus Mus Mus Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G03975EI	Gal(b1-3)[Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-6)]GalNAc(a1-	O-Glycan core 2 Type 1 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	748.27	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G04595ZA		N-Glycan complex N-acetyllactosamine Type 1 LN Type 2 LN	Linkage defined saccharide	1827.68	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G04598XU	Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol	I' antigen	Linkage defined saccharide	3103.14	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G04618ND	GalNAc(b1-3)Gal(a1-3)Gal(a1-3)Gal(a1-3)Gal(a1-4)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Gb3 Pk antigen globotriaosylceramide	Linkage defined saccharide	1193.41	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G04681PT	Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-2)Man(a1-3)[Man(a1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)GlcNAc-ol		Linkage defined saccharide	1398.5	Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae Alphainfluenzavirus Amniota Articulavirales Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Influenza A virus Insthoviricetes Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Negarnaviricota Opisthokonta Orthomyxoviridae Orthornavirae Polyploviricotina Primates Rattus Riboviria Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata Viruses cellular organisms
G04689DA		N-Glycan high mannose	Linkage defined saccharide	1558.54	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Catarrhini Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Haplorrhini Hominidae Homininae Hominoidea Homo sapiens Homo Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Primates Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Simiiformes Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms
G04715SK	GalNAc(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc(b1-	Blood group A (type 1) Blood group H (type 1) Lactotriaosylceramide Lc3 Type 1 LN2	Linkage defined saccharide	1421.52	Amniota Bilateria Boreoeutheria Chordata Craniata Deuterostomia Dipnotetrapodomorpha Euarchontoglires Eukaryota Eumetazoa Euteleostomi Eutheria Glires Gnathostomata Mammalia Metazoa Muridae Murinae Muroidea Myomorpha Opisthokonta Rattus norvegicus Rattus Rodentia Sarcopterygii Teleostomi Tetrapoda Theria Vertebrata cellular organisms